As a tool for drilling and cutting rock formations, the roller cone bit can adapt to various strata from soft to hard. It is the most widely used drill bit and is mainly used in oil drilling, mining, water well excavation, and other projects. Compared with down-the-hole bits and top hammer bits, roller cone drills have the advantages of large drilling diameter, high perforation efficiency, low noise, straighter drilling, wide adaptability to geological conditions, less environmental pollution, low construction energy consumption, longer drill life. Etc.

Working principle of the roller cone bit

When the roller cone bit is working, by providing it with sufficient axial pressure and rotary torque by drill, the roller cone bit drills and rotates on the rock at the same time and generates static pressure and impact dynamic pressure on the rock to realize rolling at the bottom of the hole. The continuous extrusion and cutting impact break the rock.

Classification of roller cone bits

1. According to the number of roller cones

It includes single-cone bits, tri-cone bits, and assembled multi-cone bits. The tri-cone bits are the most popular bits used at home and abroad.

2. According to the cutting material

It includes milled tooth bits and insert roller cone bits.

The teeth of milled tooth bits are made of the blank roller cone by milling, mainly wedge-shaped teeth, which are divided into gage teeth, inner row teeth, and trimming teeth according to the position of teeth.

Insert roller cone bits are made of carbide material set into the hole after the hole is drilled into the roller cone.

3. According to the type of bearing

It includes two categories of rolling bearings and sliding bearings.

Rolling bearings have a low friction coefficient and are suitable for higher speeds, mainly used for large-diameter water well drill bits of 14 3/4 inches and above.

Sliding bearings have a stable structure, superior bearing capacity, and strong adaptability and are commonly used in various sizes of water well drill bits.

4. According to bearing seal type

It includes open roller, rubber sealed roller, and metal sealed bearing roller cone bits.

The inside of open roller bearings connects to the external environment. The internal processing of bearing has a channel for circulating medium circulation for cooling the bearing, which is often used with rolling bearings for drilling water wells with well depth or geothermal wells and other high-temperature geological conditions.

Rubber sealed roller bearings are made of high temperature resistant and wear-resistant rubber material with strong structural adaptability, which can ensure the lubricating environment inside the bearing and greatly extend the bearing service life of roller cone bit, and are suitable for all sizes of water well roller cone bits.

Metal sealed bearings have the characteristics of superior high-temperature resistance, low friction coefficient of sealing surface, strong sealing stability, and long service life, which is the most advanced sealing structure in the field of roller cone bits. It can use higher drilling technology and working conditions such as high speed and high temperature.

Roller cone bit is an important tool for oil drilling, and its working performance will directly affect the quality, efficiency, and cost of drilling. For the demand, it is important to know about roller cone bit so that you can choose a more suitable bit according to the construction situation. For the producer, understanding the roller cone bit can help them to further improve the performance of roller cone bit and provide a variety of options for drilling users. Moreover, the continuous improvement of drilling speed of roller cone bit will also become a breakthrough in the history of the development of roller cone bit.