As a modern supporting rock drilling tools, the shank adapter is created with the development of drilling technology and rock drilling conditions. Since it is necessary to rely on it to connect other rock drilling tools, whether the geometric design and parameters of the shank adapter are reasonable directly affects the performance of the rock drill and the supporting rock drilling tools, and the drilling efficiency of the whole drilling process.

The shank adapter is placed in the sleeve of the rock drill during drilling, and the end part bears the impact of the piston of the rock drill, and the wing is driven to rotate by the cylinder sleeve of the rock drill. The threaded part at the other end is connected to the drill rod through the coupling sleeve for rock drilling operations. Shank adapters are often used in large and medium-diameter threaded connections and supporting rock drilling tools for rock drills. As a result, the shank adapter is often subjected to high frequency and high power impact cycles.

Therefore, the design principle of the shank adapter should meet the requirements of high frequency, high power impact, and rotating stress of the rock drill on the one hand, and consider the precision cooperation with the geometric dimensions of the cylinder sleeve of the rock drill on the other hand. The steel selection principle of shank adapter must be in line with the toughness and wear resistance and have good rigidity and toughness. Its mechanical properties require good hardening performance.

Overseas shank adapter material mostly adopts Cr-Ni-Mo carbide steel. Before 1980s, domestic shank adapter material mostly adopts Si-Mn-Mo carbide steel, mainly 27SiMnMoV, 30SiMnMoV, 32 SiMn2MoV, 35 SiMnMoV, etc. After 1980s, with the rapid development of fully hydraulic, high-power rock drilling equipment. The requirements of impact frequency, impact power, impact speed, and impact life have been greatly increased, and the original steel for the shank adapter has failed to meet the performance needs of modern drilling equipment. Therefore, based on the development test, the Cr-Ni-Mo system carbide steel grades were adopted. The main steel grades are 23CrNi3Mo, 30CrNi3Mo, 25 CrNi3Mo, 30 CrMnSiNi2A and so on.

In addition, there is a certain internal relationship between the thread structure of the shank adapter and the thread structure and precision of the supporting rock drilling tools. It should meet the requirements of convenient loading and unloading, labor saving, reliable connection, good wear resistance, and high service life during use.